As a part of its effort to address safety concerns and to adhere to international norms, the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) now requires domestic airlines operating planes with a maximum takeoff weight (TOW) above 20 tonnes to adopt the Flight Data Analysis Program (FDAP). Safety in aviation is determined by many factors such as technology, crew training, regulatory frameworks, monitoring of procedures, and management. This is especially important in Nepal, where flying is already challenging due to the rugged Himalayan terrain, extreme and unpredicatable weather and inadequate navaid at airports. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines safety as a state in which risk associated with aviation activities are maintained at or below acceptable level through continuous process of hazard identification and risk management. Safety therefore depends directly on proactive risk management before they cause a significant incident. And this is where Flight Data Analysis Program (FDAP) comes into play since it is a systematic process to monitor and analyse data from an aircraft's flight data recorder (FDR) and or Quick Access Recorder (QAR). This information can then be used to identify potential safety hazards, deviations and operating context to improve overall flight safety. ICAO mandates air operators with aircrafts that carry a maximum of 27 tonnes take-off weight to implement FDAP as a part of their Safety Management System (SMS).  <figure><img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20230605110640_a69f4465b57004ee0220ea15c7538638e514377f2559c1a5ad45f6b3cad06d79.jpg" data-media-id="editor_0" data-image-id="20230605110640_a69f4465b57004ee0220ea15c7538638e514377f2559c1a5ad45f6b3cad06d79" data-rendition-name="original" width="1562" height="505" loading="lazy" alt="Buddha Air"></figure>  Besides FDAP, Flight Data Monitoring (FDM) and Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) is a critical aspect of Flight Safety. Nepal’s biggest domestic airline, <a href="https://www.buddhaair.com/">Buddha Air</a>, with a fleet of 16 ATRs became the first domestic carrier to implement FDAP voluntarily in 2014 even though some of its aircraft at time were below the weight threshold. Its new ATR-72 have a maximum TOW of 22,000 tonnes. This allows the carrier to monitor and analyse flight data of every flight on a daily basis, allowing technical crew to identify potential safety hazards such as operational deviations or aircraft health, which would otherwise go unnoticed, and take corrective actions. <a href="https://www.buddhaair.com/safety">Buddha Air’s FDAP</a> is based on cutting edge technology designed by the French company Safran and is capable of capturing a vast amount of data and analysing it in real-time, allowing engineers at Buddha Air to identify potential safety hazards quickly. For ATRs the system records 108 parameters and 64 events for each daily flight from engine startup to engine shutdown. Safran’s FDAP is user-friendly, with an intuitive interface that allows the flight crew to easily access and analyze data and self-visualise their flights. Deviations observed along with confidential crew feedback are then analysed to enhance safety by tracking trends and identify areas of improvement with data-driven evidence. This also reduces training costs and providing pilots and other crew with feedback on their performance. FDAP also help identify fuel-saving opportunities, reduce maintenance costs, optimise routes, and optimise maintenance schedules to reduce downtime.

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Business

Nepal’s domestic carrier adopts FDAP to enhance safety

Before the Covid, China had become the number two source of foreign tourists in Nepal. Now, after a two year slump the Chinese are returning.&nbsp; After the opening of China’s borders this year and resumption of flights from Chengdu, Guangzhou and Hong Kong, arrivals have surged. Most of the mountaineers attempting to climb Mt Everest this season are from China because the north side of the mountain is still closed. Mandarin is once more heard in tourist hubs like Thamel and Pokhara, and Chinese trekkers are once more hitting Himalayan hiking trails. Although they are coming back, Chinese are still trailing behind Indian tourists. Tourist arrivals in Nepal are almost back to pre-Covid levels with 326,500 visitors between January-April this year, and tourists flying in from India made up 28% og them. This number does not include Indians who came overland on pilgrimage or sight-seeing. Nearly 200,000 Chinese tourists visited Nepal in 2018 after free visas were announced, making up 20% of the total visitors by nationality. Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) was expecting to double that figure in Visit Nepal Year in 2020, <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/when-will-chinese-tourists-return-to-nepal" target="_blank">when the pandemic struck.</a> In April this year, there were 3,000 Chinese tourists, and these numbers are expected to rise as flights pick up. Nepal’s largest domestic airline, <a href="http://www.buddhaair.com/" target="_blank">Buddha Air</a> has seen a rise in the number of Chinese passengers from Kathmandu to Pokhara, Bharatpur and Bhairawa. The airline says that it has also seen a rise in booking of Chinese tourists taking its daily four Mt Everest sightseeing flights.&nbsp; Pre-Covid, <a href="https://archive.nepalitimes.com/article/business/Chinese-tourists-on-the-rise-in-nepal,2088" target="_blank">Pokhara was the most popular destination</a> in Nepal for Chinese tourists after the scenic town was the location for a popular Chinese tv series, Up In the Air that went viral on the Chinese micro-blogging site, Weibo. Chinese guidebooks described Pokhara as one of the top ten places ‘to see before you die’. Beijing has also declared Nepal as an ‘official destination’ for its nationals. Then Chinese Ambassador Hou Yanqi <a href="https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/chinese-tourist-influx-to-nepal-in-2020/" target="_blank">posted pictures of herself</a> on social media on New Year’s eve 31 December 2019 to promote Nepal among outbound tourists from China. Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) recruited famous actress Xu Qing (see photo below) to be its Goodwill Ambassador to promote Visit Nepal Year in China.  <figure> <img src="https://publisher-publish.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/pb-nepalitimes/swp/asv65r/media/20230522110512_db76082c85903fffb895c9fbdb74250910bce6b5ec355c7cdb5d35df4b9cf72c.png" data-media-id="editor_4" data-image-id="20230522110512_db76082c85903fffb895c9fbdb74250910bce6b5ec355c7cdb5d35df4b9cf72c" data-rendition-name="original" width="1980" height="1316" loading="lazy" alt="Chinese tourists in Nepal"> <figcaption>Famous Chinese actress Xu Qingpromoting Visit Nepal Year 2020.</figcaption> </figure>  Chinese tourists are mostly attracted by the culture and the mountains in Nepal, but they also come for wildlife viewing, adventure and pilgrimage to Lumbini. Chinese tourists are the most avid shoppers for Nepali bronze and wood carving handicrafts. The birthplace of Lord Buddha in Lumbini was first chronicled by Chinese monk pilgrims <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faxian" target="_blank">Faxian</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuanzang" target="_blank">Xuanzang</a> who visited Lumbini and Tilaurakot in the 4th and 7th century CE, and described the ruins of the towns in detail. Modern day Chinese are following in their footsteps. &nbsp; Tourism entrepreneurs in Thamel say that Nepal could do much more to encourage Chinese tourists if there were more cheaper flights, if the border checkpoints wereopened, and if there was more promotional activity in China. According to Lumbini Development Trust, Chinese tourists are the fourth largest number of visitors among foreigners in the Lumbini area. The establishment of the Gautam Buddha International airport in Bhairawa and the new Pokhara airport could serve to increase Chinese arrivals if there were direct flights from Chinese cities. Chinese tourists when in Nepal also visit Thamel’s ‘Little China’ area where there are many Chinese owned shops and restaurants. With the popularity of WeChat among the Chinese, many shops in Thamel and Patan have also adopted this payment app.&nbsp; Buddha Air, for example, is already using WeChat for flight bookings and tour packages specifically targeting Chinese tourists.&nbsp;

Chinese tourists return to Nepal

Buddha Air, Nepal’s largest domestic airline, is getting even larger with the addition of its 15th ATR-72-500 this week. Later this year, it is acquiring two more of the 72-seater aircraft and will add frequency to the Dhangadi, Surkhet and Tumlingtar routes, as well as intercity flights from its Pokhara hub. This year, Buddha sold its two remaining Raytheon Beech 1900Ds to a Canadian operator.

Buddha’s 15th ATR

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) this week announced a finance facility for Climate in Asia and the Pacific (IF-CAP) at its 56th annual meeting in Incheon, South Korea. IF-CAP will contribute to ADB’s raised ambition for $100 billion from its own resources for climate change and could create up to $15 billion in new loans for much-needed climate projects in the region.

ADB for climate

Shangrila Motors, distributors of Citroën cars in Nepal, is launching the new Citroën C3 compact SUV following the unveiling of the C5 Aircross SUV in 2021. The French carmaker boasts new design, advanced suspension systems and a spacious interior.

Citroën C3

Doko Recyclers which has been managing and recycling electronic waste in Nepal has just completed its six years. With 50 workers, half of them women, it has so far managed 2,100 tonnes of waste and processed 136,077kg of plastic.

Doko turns 6

Dolpo in Nepal’s trans-Himalaya has been connected to the national grid with Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) completing the construction of an 11KV transmission line from Musikot substation, with electricity supply started from 27 April. Only Humla and Mugu now remain to be connected to the national utility.

Power in Dolpo

Everest Bank and Deposit and Credit Guarantee Fund have signed an agreement to guarantee microfinance for the underprivileged. Everest will provide Rs1.5 million for women entrepreneurs, Rs1 million each to returning migrant workers or Dalits and for national players to set up businesses after retirement, and Rs300,000 for earthquake reconstruction.

Everest with DCGF

Nabil Bank with Chattar Rural Municipality in Tehrathum has provided entrepreneurship development training to 57 participants.

Nabil training

International Monetary Fund (IMF) has completed its first and second reviews under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) for Nepal to withdraw $52.8 million. This brings total disbursements under the ECF for budget support thus far to $157.4 million.
While crediting monetary policy tightening for stabilised external position and lower inflation, IMF Executive Board recommended preserving macroeconomic stability and fiscal reforms in line with debt sustainability, banking regulation and supervision, reducing the cost of doing business and barriers to FDI, enhancing governance and social safety net.